PIC16F1946 datasheet(246/448 Pages) MICROCHIP

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PIC16(L)F1946/1947

DS41414C-page 246

Preliminary

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24.2.2 SPI MODE OPERATION

When initializing the SPI, several options need to be

specified. This is done by programming the appropriate

control bits (SSPxCON1<5:0> and SSPxSTAT<7:6>).

These control bits allow the following to be specified:

• Master mode (SCKx is the clock output)

• Slave mode (SCKx is the clock input)

• Clock Polarity (Idle state of SCKx)

• Data Input Sample Phase (middle or end of data

output time)

• Clock Edge (output data on rising/falling edge of

SCKx)

• Clock Rate (Master mode only)

• Slave Select mode (Slave mode only)

To enable the serial port, SSPx Enable bit, SSPxEN of

the SSPxCON1 register, must be set. To reset or recon-

figure SPI mode, clear the SSPxEN bit, re-initialize the

SSPxCONx registers and then set the SSPxEN bit.

This configures the SDIx, SDOx, SCKx and SSx pins

as serial port pins. For the pins to behave as the serial

port function, some must have their data direction bits

(in the TRIS register) appropriately programmed as

follows:

• SDIx must have corresponding TRIS bit set

• SDOx must have corresponding TRIS bit cleared

• SCKx (Master mode) must have corresponding

TRIS bit cleared

• SCKx (Slave mode) must have corresponding

TRIS bit set

• SSx must have corresponding TRIS bit set

Any serial port function that is not desired may be

overridden by programming the corresponding data

direction (TRIS) register to the opposite value.

The MSSPx consists of a transmit/receive shift register

(SSPxSR) and a buffer register (SSPxBUF). The

SSPxSR shifts the data in and out of the device, MSb

first. The SSPxBUF holds the data that was written to

the SSPxSR until the received data is ready. Once the

8 bits of data have been received, that byte is moved to

the SSPxBUF register. Then, the Buffer Full Detect bit,

BF of the SSPxSTAT register, and the interrupt flag bit,

SSPxIF, are set. This double-buffering of the received

data (SSPxBUF) allows the next byte to start reception

before reading the data that was just received. Any

write

the

SSPxBUF

during

transmission/reception of data will be ignored and the

write collision detect bit WCOL of the SSPxCON1

WCOL bit to allow the following write(s) to the

SSPxBUF register to complete successfully.

When the application software is expecting to receive

valid data, the SSPxBUF should be read before the

next byte of data to transfer is written to the SSPxBUF.

The Buffer Full bit, BF of the SSPxSTAT register,

indicates when SSPxBUF has been loaded with the

received data (transmission is complete). When the

SSPxBUF is read, the BF bit is cleared. This data may

be irrelevant if the SPI is only a transmitter. Generally,

the MSSPx interrupt is used to determine when the

transmission/reception has completed. If the interrupt

method is not going to be used, then software polling

can be done to ensure that a write collision does not

occur.

FIGURE 24-5:

SPI MASTER/SLAVE CONNECTION

Serial Input Buffer

(BUF)

Shift Register

(SSPxSR)

MSb

LSb

SDOx

SDIx

Processor 1

SCKx

SPI Master SSPxM<3:0> = 00xx

Serial Input Buffer

(SSPxBUF)

Shift Register

(SSPxSR)

LSb

MSb

SDIx

SDOx

Processor 2

SCKx

SPI Slave SSPxM<3:0> = 010x

Serial Clock

SSx

Slave Select

General I/O

(optional)

= 1010

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