8-Pole, 6-Zero

Constant Delay

Appendix A

Low-Pass (100 dB)

22

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1.Normalized Group Delay:

The above delay data is normalized to a corner frequency

of 1.0Hz.The actual delay is the normalized delay divided

by the actual corner frequency (fc).

Normalized Frequency(f/fc)

Normalized Time (1/f sec)

Normalized Time (1/f sec)

Actual Delay =

Normalized Delay

Actual Corner Frequency (fc) in Hz

Frequency Response

Delay

(Normalized)

Step Response

0

1

2

3

4

5

-0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

-0.2

0.1

1.0

2

3

4

5 6 7 8 9

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

0.15

.007

.005

.004

.003

.003

.025

.022

.017

.013

.011

.054

.043

.036

.030

.028

.186

.151

.125

.090

.068

.650

.504

.389

.306

.235

.861

.857

.851

.828

.785

.865

.865

.865

.864

.863

.865

.865

.865

.865

.865

0.00

-31.1

-62.3

-93.4

-125

-156

-187

-218

-249

-265

-280

-296

-311

-341

-370

-422

-464

-496

-520

-544

-563

-578

-591

-610

-624

-635

-643

-651

-476

-478

-481

-486

-312

-318

-322

-328

-333

-336

-339

-341

-105

-106

-107

-108

-109

-106

-110

-122

-109

-106

-81.3

-93.4

-142

-105

-105

-40.5

-46.1

-51.4

-61.5

-71.2

-11.2

-16.8

-22.5

-28.0

-34.5

-1.89

-2.41

-3.01

-4.50

-6.38

0.010

-0.182

-0.532

-1.09

-1.45

0.00

0.015

0.051

0.085

0.085

12.0

14.0

16.0

18.0

20.0

6.50

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.0

4.50

5.00

5.50

6.00

6.20

2.50

2.75

3.00

3.50

4.00

1.40

1.60

1.80

2.00

2.25

0.90

0.95

1.00

1.10

1.20

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.80

0.85

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

(sec)

Theoretical Transfer Characteristics

1

f/fc

(Hz)

Amp

(dB)

Phase

(deg)

Delay

0.1

1.0

10.0

2

3 4 5 678

2

3 4 5 67

-120

-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0