PIC16F1946 datasheet(299/448 Pages) MICROCHIP

299 / 448 page

 2010-2011 Microchip Technology Inc.

Preliminary

DS41414C-page 299

PIC16(L)F1946/1947

25.1

EUSART Asynchronous Mode

The EUSART transmits and receives data using the

standard non-return-to-zero (NRZ) format. NRZ is

implemented with two levels: a VOH mark state which

represents a ‘1’ data bit, and a VOL space state which

represents a ‘0’ data bit. NRZ refers to the fact that

consecutively transmitted data bits of the same value

stay at the output level of that bit without returning to a

neutral level between each bit transmission. An NRZ

transmission port idles in the mark state. Each character

transmission consists of one Start bit followed by eight

or nine data bits and is always terminated by one or

more Stop bits. The Start bit is always a space and the

Stop bits are always marks. The most common data

format is 8 bits. Each transmitted bit persists for a period

of 1/(Baud Rate). An on-chip dedicated 8-bit/16-bit Baud

Rate Generator is used to derive standard baud rate

frequencies from the system oscillator. See Table 25-5

for examples of baud rate configurations.

The EUSART transmits and receives the LSb first. The

EUSART’s transmitter and receiver are functionally

independent, but share the same data format and baud

rate. Parity is not supported by the hardware, but can

be implemented in software and stored as the ninth

data bit.

25.1.1

EUSART ASYNCHRONOUS

TRANSMITTER

The EUSART transmitter block diagram is shown in

Figure 25-1. The heart of the transmitter is the serial

Transmit Shift Register (TSR), which is not directly

accessible by software. The TSR obtains its data from

the transmit buffer, which is the TXxREG register.

25.1.1.1

Enabling the Transmitter

The EUSART transmitter is enabled for asynchronous

operations by configuring the following three control

bits:

•TXEN = 1

• SYNC = 0

• SPEN = 1

All other EUSART control bits are assumed to be in

their default state.

Setting the TXEN bit of the TXxSTA register enables the

transmitter circuitry of the EUSART. Clearing the SYNC

bit of the TXxSTA register configures the EUSART for

asynchronous operation. Setting the SPEN bit of the

RCSTA register enables the EUSART and automatically

configures the TXx/CKx I/O pin as an output. If the

TXx/CKx pin is shared with an analog peripheral, the

analog I/O function must be disabled by clearing the

corresponding ANSEL bit.

25.1.1.2

Transmitting Data

A transmission is initiated by writing a character to the

TXxREG register. If this is the first character, or the

previous character has been completely flushed from

the TSR, the data in the TXxREG is immediately

transferred to the TSR register. If the TSR still contains

all or part of a previous character, the new character

data is held in the TXxREG until the Stop bit of the

previous character has been transmitted. The pending

character in the TXxREG is then transferred to the TSR

in one TCY immediately following the Stop bit

transmission. The transmission of the Start bit, data bits

and Stop bit sequence commences immediately

following the transfer of the data to the TSR from the

TXxREG.

25.1.1.3

Transmit Data Polarity

The polarity of the transmit data can be controlled with

the SCKP bit of the BAUDxCON register. The default

state of this bit is ‘0’ which selects high true transmit

Idle and data bits. Setting the SCKP bit to ‘1’ will invert

the transmit data resulting in low true Idle and data bits.

The SCKP bit controls transmit data polarity only in

Asynchronous mode. In Synchronous mode the SCKP

bit has a different function.

25.1.1.4

Transmit Interrupt Flag

The TXxIF interrupt flag bit of the PIR1/PIR3 register is

set whenever the EUSART transmitter is enabled and

no character is being held for transmission in the

TXxREG. In other words, the TXxIF bit is only clear

when the TSR is busy with a character and a new

character has been queued for transmission in the

TXxREG. The TXxIF flag bit is not cleared immediately

upon writing TXxREG. TXxIF becomes valid in the

second instruction cycle following the write execution.

Polling TXxIF immediately following the TXxREG write

will return invalid results. The TXxIF bit is read-only, it

cannot be set or cleared by software.

The TXxIF interrupt can be enabled by setting the

TXxIE interrupt enable bit of the PIE1/PIE3 register.

However, the TXxIF flag bit will be set whenever the

TXxREG is empty, regardless of the state of TXxIE

enable bit.

To use interrupts when transmitting data, set the TXxIE

bit only when there is more data to send. Clear the

TXxIE interrupt enable bit upon writing the last

character of the transmission to the TXxREG.

Note:

The TXxIF transmitter interrupt flag is set

when the TXEN enable bit is set.

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